Non native(introduced),exotic species and their impacts to the Essay

Non aborigine(introduced),exotic species and their impacts to the ebvironment - Essay ExampleFor example, U.S. Executive narrate 13112 defines invasive species as an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human wellness (Clinton, 1999). Non-native species either can be introduced unintentionally and by the bye or can be transported by humans intentionally and purposely. It is estimated that more than 50,000 non-native species have been introduced into the United States. some of these introduced species are beneficial, such as corn, wheat, rice, and other food crops, and cattle, poultry, and other livestock which provide more than 98% of the U.S. food system at a value of approximately $800 billion per year (Pimentel, Zuniga, & Morrison, 2005). Some introduced species besides are used for landscape restoration, biological pest control, sport, pets, and food processing (Pimentel et al, 2005). However, there are galore (postnominal) invasive species with harmful economic, ecological or human health impacts. One study estimated approximately $97 billion in damages from 79 exotic species during the period from 1906 to1991 (Pimentel et al, 2005). ... ?survives from one growing season to some other by forming perennating buds (surviving from season to season) and enduring a period of dormancy during the winter (NYIS.INFO). Mature whale cow parsnip can reach a height of 3 to 5 m with hollow stems approximately 5 to 10 cm in diameter and compound leaves as big as 1.5 m (Nice, Johnson, & Bauman, 2004). behemoth hogweed has aggressive, invasive and toxic nature and so, it is on the Federal Noxious Weed List (Nice et al, 2004). Originally, giant hogweed belongs to the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Because of its beauty and huge size, in 19th century giant hogweed was introduced to dandy Britain as an ornamental curiosity in the 19th century. Later, the plant was imported to the United States as a showp iece in arboreta and Victorian gardens (one of the plants first North American plantings of giant hogweed was in gardens near Highland Park in the City of Rochester, New York) (NYIS.INFO). Ever since, giant hogweed has spread in many areas, including Broome, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Nassau, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, Putnam, Schuyler, Steuben, Tompkins, Wayne, Wyoming, and Yates Counties in New York Connecticut the District of Columbia Illinois Maine Maryland mammy Michigan Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Washington Wisconsin and Ontario and Vancouver Island in Canada (NYIS.INFO). Giant hogweed has ecological and human health impacts. Colonies of this plant easily become dense owing to the plants prolific seed action and rapid growth rate (NYIS.INFO). Due to its deep taproots and huge leaves, giant hogweed hinders the growth of native plants by denying them light and

Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Family - Essay ExampleAs an institution for socialization, a family provides the necessary knowledge to the growing individuals in the family to help them to understand their social and physical environments. Other roles of the family be to provide security to the individuals as good as to ensure that they provide the needs of each of its member to sharpen their life (Brownfield, 2010).One of the conceptual frameworks for the family assessment is the Neumans systems model, which is used as a guide to assessment and intervention of a dysfunctional family and help in streamlining the conditions that are failing in a golf club and that need attention for proper functioning of the whole unit. This helps to implement a therapy that is focused on all the family members to ensure that the intervention course of instruction is successful in the society in curbing an issue that arises at the family level. This model incorporates all the members of the family in the implementation in or der to ensure that it achieves the best results in the society to address an occurrence that put forward be perceived harmful the people (Parker & Smith, 2010).In the society, there are usually community-based function that are aimed at promoting the wellness of individuals in that particular society and ensure smooth running of the society. Some of these services serve the community by preventing disease and injuries, improving the health status of the society and also they enhance the quality of life of people (Gregitis et al, 2010). These services include such like coordinated school health program which facilitate health for different members of the school as well as the child and girlish mental health program that help to address issues of children and youth mental health stability (Baggett et al 2010), In US, the Child and adolescent mental health is a popular community-based program that runs in the society and which has helped

Global strategy unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global strategy unit - Essay ExampleThe abridgment ends which a brief agniseing regarding what measures the guild is require to undertake so as to enhance their merchandise presence.Aldi is a global supermarkets chain, with their headquarters hardened in Essen, Germany. The company has approximately 8000 stores located in antithetic nations of the world. Aldis stores were first opened in the year 1990 in the U.K. There atomic number 18 currently 512 Aldi stores located in the U.K. Aldi mainly sells food items and beverages. Majority of the products of the company are the less expensive household items and close of these products are Aldis own brand. In order to sustain competition, enhance sales and attract a larger target market, the company incorporates selling a number of branded items. The number or brands sell by Aldi in their electronics and kitchen appliance category have as well enhanced in the recent times. The company also provides weekly and seasonal discounts on it more expensive category of products. Such discount items also includes clothes, flowers, toys and stationeries. Internationally the stores of Aldi are subdivided into two groups, Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud. The U.K chain of Aldi stores fall in the Aldi Sud Category. Over the years, successful business summons and suitable market strategies have facilitated Aldi into becoming one of the valuable retail chains globally. In the U.K the trading operations of the company are mainly based upon the limited assortment technique. According to this concept, high quality products are restricted to a small number of brands and categories, to be purchased in bulk and sold at hawkish prices. Every business activity of the company is undertaken with the motive of creating savings. Discounts are usually seen to be passed on to the consumers finished the end selling prices (Barney, 1991). The current project aims to analyse the corporate and business strategies of Aldi in the U.K and accordingly understand the viability of firms

Zaha Hadid's Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) in Seoul, South Korea Research Paper

Zaha Hadids Dongdaemun Design kernel (DDP) in Seoul, southwestward Korea - Research Paper ExampleModeled as a modern cultural hub, Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) revolves around old and ancient city walls which facilitate a new type of interaction among the new and the old while creating a civic space in the process for the city.The cultural utile complex in Seoul confederation Korea was opened officially in March 2014. Samsung C&T built it whereas Zaha Hadid Architects designed it for its client, the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) is the biggest arcsecond three dimensional and irregular shaped building in the world.1 Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) s metonymic landscape design emerged as the international argument winner under the design category back in August 2007 and the project has come to fruition. bend work was completed in November 2013 having commenced in April 2009. The 931,874 sq ft (86, 574 sq m) multicultural complex is composed of educat ional facilities, a museum ,library and a sky lounge. Moreover, it has a retail space of 322,917sq ft (30,000 sq m) and a 322, 917sq ft (30, 000 sq m) park.2 The buildings theme revolves around a traditional Korean garden design style that interweaves the culture of South Korea into the complexs fibre.Within the urban environment of Dongdaemun is a new park. It will act as a refugee haven for the people of Dongdaemun in addition to it being a place for relaxation, implied ZHA. The South Korea political relation hopes that the new flashy complex and its nearby public park will attract a conduct of its citizens much like South Koreas first or initial sports stadium which was originally determined on the DPP site. The construction and completion of the project established a cultural and design hub in the outlandishs capital. The project hit several snags during its construction phase since it commenced in 2007. It was initially planned by the former Seoul Mayor Oh Se-Hoon, and it f aced indefinite

Payment for Ecological Services Lijiang, China Essay

Payment for Ecological Services Lijiang, China - Essay ExampleThe major upper berth hand with the PES is hinged on its ability to offer short-term benefits that encourages conservation behavior. This prompts and facilitates collaborative participation of the residents in the management of the ecosystem and not world its worst enemy. In the region of Lijiang China, fundamental changes have been effected that include banishment on the inspection of fishing, poaching, hunting and a reduced potential threat upon the well being of the ecosystem. Pagiola, S. & Platais, G. (2003).To enhance sustainable Ecological and Environmental services, the PES scheme in Lijiang China has put to a greater extent emphasis on comprehending the interlocks between human activities mainly farming around the Lashihai Lake and the management of the biodiversity in hurt of migratory birds population and the preservation or improvement of water character reference for landscape use in Lijiang old town. Rosa les, M., & Ruis, J. P. (2004). Since agriculture is the main activity dependent upon by inhabitants who live around Lashishi Nature reserve. Agriculture and livestock therefore constitutes for more than 70% of the entire economic system around this region. This has also been viewed as a major detriment that has greatly hampered and deteriorated the water flows into the lake. Rosales, M., & Ruis, J. P. (2004). ... (2003).IntercroppingA mixed system of crops and fruits is already beneficial in some areas around the Lashihai Nature Reserve, and thus can be further encouraged. To gain farmers profits, matchless could also encourage the introduction of livestock husbandry, which should reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers. Rosales, M., & Ruis, J. P. (2004). Furthermore, in the uttermost scenario, fodder crops intercropped under fruits may help reduce cost of feedstuff used, thus further increasing the attracter of this development scenario for individual farmers. One limit ation of the model is that it assumes stable prices for the crops, even though, as shown in the intent below, there are some variations. Furthermore, in near the future prices of grain will slightly increase due to the limited cultivated land. Pagiola, S. & Platais, G. (2003).Changing farming Techniques around the lakeThe chief reason of changing the agricultural practices of farmers around the lake, however, is not to increase their profits, but rather to decrease the impacts that their activities have on the water quality of the lake - and, in turn, on the tourist city of Lijiang. It is thus obligatory to comprehend the stalemate in legal injury of agricultural turnout, application of chemical inputs, and water quality in the lake. Pagiola, S. & Platais, G. (2003). Evaluating of the actual production data for the region, it appears that current agricultural sector in the Lashihai Nature Reserve is operating underneath competent levels. Pagiola, S. & Platais, G. (2003). Above all, the production of crops are low, even compared to the run of the mill for China, which compares aggregate production per hectare in the Lashihai Nature Reserve to the just for China for selected crops. The

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Bullying - Essay ExampleThe failure of passel and adults to control bullying in the school grounds as well as in the virtual world is very surprising because study is supposed to be the key factor in pr chargeting all of this, but at times even advocacy groups fail to reach out to the people. In general, technology has made it hard for law makers to sustenance an eye on everyone and keep a thorough check to prevent the act of bullying. The question in the end asked by many is how should one suppress this form of bullying that goes around and tackle the people who initiate the hate process. Unfortunately, there is no feasible tool as of now to deal with the get out because educating the perpetrators is still a gradual process and it will take a long time in advance elements of this sort can be eliminated and rooted out completely.It is surely a fact that cyberbullying does impact the psychologically vulnerable teenagers. The cyber world is a fast growing network where news trave ls fast and hence, if a taint is found in someones reputation then it is bound to destroy the image they fill in their society.Cyberbullying is not under control and education plus awareness is the only way in which it can prevented. It is necessary to educate the mass population which includes teachers, parents and even students about the harm it causes to the psychological evidence of mind and how it has driven many towards suicidal

Discuss critically the main successes and failures of Tony Blair's New Essay

Discuss critically the main successes and failures of Tony Blairs new-sprung(prenominal) Labour brass 1997-2007 - Essay ExampleThis implies that the government was not stable and had no strong opportunity to solve governmental issues or give firm stands concerning the United Kingdom hence Blair had to work big(a) under his personal capacity to ensure that the UK was better placed as compared to earlier governments. Tony Blairs governing as a Prime Minister achieved a landslide of successes though on the other side, the government failed to address some national and international challenges as discussed below (Shaw, 2012 56). Achievements of tony Blairs government 1. Development Tony Blair be a Member of Parliament before winning the 1997 general elections had a clue on the sidelines to acquire in order to enhance development and growth of the United Kingdom. Though this seem to be impractical due to the less informed his cabinet was, he made a lot of positive strides crosswa ys the entire world. The Prime Minister reasoned out with the all the political parties, British public as well as the media against joining the Eurozone to adopt the Euro. This act brought internal cooperation and peace as the nation radius in one voice (Gunter & Forrester, 2008 151). Being a learned person, Blair new well that motivation was bring up to success and quality work. He therefore introduced the National minimum wage and went as far as raising it. The move positively enhanced the living standards and created a great correlation to the general proviso of services which include government and non-governmental based. In the early years, Tony Blair held several meetings with key African leaders covering how personally he was concerned on developing Africa and making it a free sate of success, a message that went down into giving the Africans more attention beyond the issues of aid. The Great 8 (G8) summits majorly centered on issues to do with development through improvi ng governance, investing in people, embracing peace and stability as well as mutual accountability (David, 2012). The long standing relationship between the south-central African President Thabo Mbeki and the British government led to establishment of new approaches to develop Africa as a tout ensemble to enable the African countries to rely on their efforts unlike depending so much on donors. Today South Africa stands out to be a great republic through these unstoppable efforts (Andrew, 2013 90). The New Labour government invested more in realizing the goals of learning institutions through fully supporting learning processes as from lower levels to high up institutions, employment of more civil servants, improving their terms of work and enhancing job creation. 2. Climatic change policy. occasional weather patterns has remained a major issue to be address up to date and policy makers shape it difficult due to the ever changing living patterns surrounded with scientific innov ations and industrialization. The New Labour society developed the climate change agenda in 1997 as Europe become reluctant to derogate the levels of sulphure emissions into the air. It was later taken to be the governments environmental policy that aimed at regulating the add up of harmful gases and other wastes eliminated into the air. Successful cooperation of Tony Blairs government and the business firms saw more approaches developed towards tackling climatic change. Through Blair

If you were a legislator in the New York State Legislature, would you Essay - 1

If you were a legislator in the New York call forth Legislature, would you vote to uphold or repeal this latest task increase Why - Essay typeThe NY excise tax increase is now considered the highest excise tax imposed by a carry on cigarettes and tobaccos (NCSL 2010 p. 2). Opponents of the tax increase argue that it is inherently regressive because it affects the have-nots much than it does the haves. Furthermore, these increases are said to be defeating their purpose, which is to raise revenues, because they can drive away potential customers who may altogether quit smoking or who may use backdoor sources to obtain their fix. On the other hand, proponents of the tax measure, specifically the legislators, contend that it will garter keep New York sustain and maintain its health care programs (Confessore 2010). The biggest argument, however, for the measure comes from health advocates and researchers who are extolling the tax increase as a vehicle for compelling smokers to quit the habit and ultimately saving more lives.If I were a member of the New York Legislature, I too, would have supported and voted for the passage of the latest assail of excise tax increases on cigarettes and tobacco because it will ultimately redound to the veracious and welfare of the public. First, it is good for the public health because of the possibility of reducing smoking prevalence especially of the young, who are unwilling or unable to shoulder the rising cost of the habit, and second, if it could not compel a significant number of smokers to quit, thusly the government will get to achieve its purpose of raising revenues to fund its health-related programs.That smoking is deadly not only to the person smoking but also to the people around him is already an established fact. This is evinced by the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MAS) where top tobacco and cigarette producers agreed to compensate, in perpetuity, billions of dollars to a considerable number of sta tes for the costs expended by the latter in the care of individuals suffering from smoking-related illnesses (A Broken ring to our

Summary of marketing article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of merchandising oblige - Essay ExampleOf these experts, Converse was one of the only to emphasize on customers which has now become the meaning of the model of marketing mix. The author has admitd a uninfected timeline which outlines the various authors and their contributions to the concept since 1911 until 1960. The author has provided a clear and concise explanation of the various inputs from several(prenominal) authors in a clear manner.The author further moves on to discuss the blossoming of the marketing mix, where he has pointed out how Culliton (1948) suggested the name for the concept. He moves on to provide an explanation of how the name developed and how the 1950s saw a growth in terms of the concept and the related theories. Again the author has provided in a very effective and efficient manner the contribution of several authors over the years and how the marketing mix concept grew and formed shape. The author also highlights how the 4Ps of marketing had b een introduced and developed in 1960.Furthermore, the author has moved on to discuss an essential aspect of the concept where the future tense considerations for the marketing mix have been made. Here the author considers and discusses the contributions of Park, MacInnis and Silverman and their suggestions of the 4Ps configuration. The concept came into being based on the several economic theories that were present in the earlier years. However there have been questions about the purpose of the 4Ps and the boilers suit usefulness in terms of stimulating demand. The author has touched upon some important aspects of the current twenty-four hours thought of the field of marketing and has brought out some relevantly new thoughts where the marketing has been recognized to be the organizational culture and philosophy. The author has also brought out essential points which highlight the need for a new view on the concept which can be seen in the light of some practical conclusiveness making processes of the current

Organisations & Behaviour (OB) Assignment Dissertation

Organisations & Behaviour (OB) Assignment - Dissertation ExampleThe human resources form the basic divisor of each institution and their behaviour has an impact on their performance as rise up as the steering the organisation operates. From this assertion, this report seeks to evaluate different factors that affect human behaviour through an analysis of cardinal organisations namely Tarmac and Google. The report will focus on organisational building and culture, nestes to management and leadership, motivational theories as well as teamwork in the chosen organisation. Task 1 Organisational structure and culture 1 a. deviance between organisational structure and culture In order to compare and contrast organisational structure of Tarmac and Google Inc, it is most-valuable to define the terms first as a way of gaining a clear understanding. An organisational structure is generally concerned with the way job tasks are divide among the employees working in the organisation (Robb ins, Odendaal & Roodt 2001). Organisational culture on the other hand is defined as values, norms, beliefs as well as attitudes that are shared among the members of the organisation and these also shape their behaviour and the way they interact (Armstrong 1994). Tarmac has an organisational structure that provides clear lines of control, responsibility and colloquy (http//www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-study--how-roles-functions-contribute-to-organisational-performance--109-355-1.php). Tarmac is a large business hence it is important for the individuals to understand their roles and responsibilities which is a major endorser to the victor of the organisation. In its operations, it uses the best practice approach and it is committed to uphold ethical principles as well as responsibility among the members and this helps the members of the organisation to understand their role expectations so that they can pull their efforts towards the attainment of the primp organisational goals. One advantage of this structure of Tarmac is that it is adaptive and it emphasises on flexibility to adapt to the changing surroundings in which the organisation operates. This can positively enhance performance and it can be noted that the success story of the organisation is mainly as a result of the structure of the organisation which is functional in nature and the roles are clearly defined such that every member knows what is expected of him or her. On the other hand, Google Inc has a flat structure whereby every employee has the opportunity to contribute towards the decision making puzzle out in the organisation. The organisation also uses the best practice approach to ensure that the employees are satisfied with their work. This approach also emphasizes on motivation of the employees for them to put optimum performance in their operations. One advantage of this structure is that in a decentralized organisation, action can be taken more quickly to enlighten problems. Many peop le

Analyze papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze papers - Essay slipThe colleges be cheaper and high give instruction pay an average of $ 2,544 per year. The colleges attain high enrollment despite the pugnacious economic conditions in the society (Boggs p 3). Thesis American colleges are democratic, diverse and offer gibe opportunities in penetration of quality education American colleges are democratic since citizens rent equal access regardless of age, gender, race or ethnic background. The education is accessible, quality and ensures a learning lifeline for the arcadian communities. The community colleges offer critical workforce for the nation since a majority of the first responders including firefighters, police officers and paramedics have postsecondary credentials (Boggs p 3). The education provide local economies with required skills such as the Alabama southern Community College that offers paper technology programs to the pulp industries and Gulf Coast colleges that offer petrochemical technical program s. The colleges are inclusive and diverse in terms of nationality, ethnicity, friendly economic status and disability composition of the student population (Boggs 4). All American politicians and educationists agree that education guarantees American competitiveness and productivity (Delbanco p 1). American colleges dungeon pace with experience economy through providing the required skills and expertise in the industries. Although education has existed since Ancient Greece and Rome, American colleges have gone further to formalize the education system by grant of the t for each oneing certify and modern colleges with library facilities. American colleges have specialized education and strive to reach many bulk as possible including women. Inclusion of need-based policies ensures equal access of education among social classes without any regard to social status or birth status of the individual. Interestingly, students from affluent families have chances of gaining admission to nonprofit colleges and gain knowledge on American and international cultures (Delbanco 3). Unlike other college systems that aim at attaining higher employment order like Chinese, American college system aim at enabling the multi-cultural student population to learn from each other. Indeed, a landmark case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) demonstrated that inter-racial student population enables interchange of ideas and interaction of consciences. American colleges have utilized technology to ensure higher access and reduce costs associated with small classes per faculty. The crown of thorns model allow for electronic instruction and assessment. However, the standardized testing system of other countries such as China and Belgium is slowly gaining inroads in US decentralized system with the No Child Left tooshie Program assessment program proposed by President Barrack Obama. The standardized system will countervail liberal education ideologies, but wil l cater for the cost, use of technology and increase the transition from the school to college. However, some qualities such as creativity, humility and insight in to ethical behaviors are immeasurable victimization standardized testing. American college system is under revolution due to increase in the use of discipline technology, globalization, inadequacy of secondary education and high debate on skills needed in the economy. Accordingly, older students are faced with challenges such as family demands,

Employee relations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employee relations - Coursework ExampleCollective bargaining is a major generator of organizational mesh and talks strategies have the power to accelerate or decelerate the business operations of an organization. The incidents of industrial republic in United Kingdom has marked development in employer employee relationship and the concern initiative of employee amour in decision making has successfully accelerated the scope for organizational development (Pattanayak, 2014). The paper go away concentrate on the employee relations, the cause and effect of conflict as well as the role of negotiation in collective bargaining in order to evaluate the relevant strategies of human resource management and organizational behaviour and how the application of these strategies can help to establish stability in an organizational framework.organisational conflict many be defined as the disagreement arising out of employees as a issue of perceived differences in values, cultural norms, int erests as well as substantial and intangible needs of the employees works together in an organizations. Excessive use of power and authority also leads to generate dissatisfaction among individuals which in procedure tends to create conflict (Rahim, 2015). In order to evaluate the procedures an organization should adopt for the purpose of dealing such organizational conflict, it is important to identify the reasons behind it.Organizational structure and culture is the most significant source of conflicts. For instance, an organization using matrix structure obligates the employees for dual reporting that leads to create ambiguity regarding their routine responsibilities. world(prenominal) companies that integrate geographically dispersed provinces across world frequently experience employee conflicts as a expiry of cultural differences among the employees coming from different race and religion. Scarcity and improper distribution

Financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial analysis - act ExampleIts Critical success factors ar looked upon along with the strategies that it has followed over the years to maintain its Market divvy up in such a competitive industry. Background Airbus SAS is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace company. Based in Toulouse, France, and with significant activity across Europe, the company produces around half of the worlds jet airliners. Some figures about Airbus ar that is its a global company having 9 engineering design centers, 15 manufacturing sites, 20 languages, 24 hour customer support (365 days a year), 50 flight simulators, 88 nationalities and more(prenominal) than 5,300 aircraft delivered (Linkedin, Airbus). American airline manufactures were the first ones to produce aircrafts in bulk quantity hence a competitor was mandatory in Europe. As a response, three of the major European countries France, United Kingdom and Germany joined unneurotic and built up the Airbus Indust ry. This was a government initiative of the above three countries to built up an organisation that can give a proper competition to the American Airline Manufacturers such as Boeing, Lockheed, etc. Airbus came up with A300 as their first product it was later modified to increase passenger capacity to more than 300 passengers and was known as A380. It was clearly evident that it was collaboration of three countries working together. Airbuss engines were to be manufactured by Rolls Royce. Initially the company had to bear high development costs as their engines were produced by Rolls Royce. The engine designed by Rolls Royce was also facing major difficulties and delays. Gradually, the company has increased its competition by creating modern aircrafts which are dominating the market (Davies, 2001 Airbus - Gathering Clouds, 2008). The Airbus jetliner products line consists of 14 different aircraft models. All these models are diversified with respect to size, specification and capac ity (Airbus.com). Review of Management Accounting According to CIMA, Management write up is the practical science of value creation within organizations in both the private and public sectors. It combines accounting, pay and management with the leading edge techniques needed to drive successful businesses. Management accountants operate in fiscal and non-financial roles throughout organizations and carry out all their training and experience requirements within business itself, providing them with a eccentric insight into how their organizations operate. (CIMA Official Website) Management accounting, hence, plays a vital role in the success of any organization. It helps in giving an insight to the managers about the problem areas, risk factors and performance determinants which can be controlled by managerial decisions and processes. Critical Success Factor - Airbus Critical Success Factors in an airline manufacturing industry are the passenger capacity that the company has to of fer, its performance, the organizations reputation, etc. Airbus has been a leader in civil aircraft manufacturing for a decade or so in Europe and globally too it is recognized as a market leader along with Boeing, Lockheed, etc. All this is because Airbus has been very good when it comes to

Saving the Operating Rooms Time and Cash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Saving the Operating Rooms Time and Cash - Essay guinea pigFrom this discussion it is clear tha the material for this study was examined in light of the position that the creator was interested as to the measure of investment funds that happened when one could utilize an item that spared a couple of minutes in the functional room. The investment funds was much more excellent than expected, as of now up to a normal of $ 66 for every moment in the US doctors facilities. With the climbing expense of restorative chief in the United States, a military man of the obligation to diminish expenses rests with the therapeutic suppliers in light of the fact that they influence the buying choices. Quality must be upheld, however time must be spared also. Since utilizing the working room is currently an amazingly immoderate attempt, efficient items have tackled another importance. This paper highlights that the surgeon is in an exceptional position to either raise or bring down the working r oom charges by picking items that offer the same solace and quality yet take less time to utilize. Hamel investigated working room charges, including the impacts of departmental infighting, materials administration, and booking inefficiencies. Epstein and Dexter stretch the need for doctors facility material administration modelling and in simply time stock. Traverso and Hargrafe propose that doctors facilities and surgeons can enhance the surgical quality bundle by utilizing disposable gear and effective within room time. Andrews shows that the sterile tray development rate keeps on gaining piece of the pie over reusable and to develop at a ceaseless 5 percent for every year. Wasek stresses the specie spared in work and capacity when packs and trays are utilized, showing that a multiproduct tray buy has just I receipt, I check, I buy request, and I item to accept and store.

Discussion questions1-4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

parole questions1-4 - Essay ExampleFurthermore, piracy would increase since there would be no legal option to downloading digital files. Moreover, DRM is not only beneficial to the publishers, but also to the creators of the digital content since it is responsible for keeping the confine safe.The factor that is more important for the protection of digital intellectual property between strict procure laws and technology-based protections is the latter. This is because in the contemporary society, technology has recorded various advancements that shake off enforcements of traditional copyright-dependent business models impossible. As a result, in bid to fight the battle against the inevitable technological advancements, the strict copyright enforcers have utilise various tactics. However, these tactics, which include attacking the doctrine of fair use, expanding the reach of copyright law and abuse of bare law, have resulted in the products being the most pirated. Hence, to corre ct this problem, the technology-based protection involves anti-piracy protection measures that make it more secure, just and effective than the strict copyright laws (Schlachter, 1997).While selecting the system modeling design, there are various reasons that make system developers opt for use-case modeling. For instance, use case modeling helps manage complexity by allowing the developers focus on one specific usage aspect at a time. Additionally, the use case modeling rule entrusts basic foundation for the test cases, requirements documents, and the user manual. As a result, it encourages the designers to visualize the final outcomes before eve attempting to specify them.The biggest challenge to the successful use of use-case modeling is that in using this method, the developers do not shell out usefulness and usability of the system. Additionally, despite the fact that quality issues are often crucial, the design method does not provide systematic way of handling

American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Culture - Essay ExampleGloria Anzaldua defines the mestiza consciousness as the transition from convergent to different thinking (16). It means that the Chicana should stop accommodating and integrating the dominating languages and sets of thinking of the white people, which is a overlap process, and sort of, they should express themselves according to their own language/s and experiences, which concerns divergent thinking and behavior. Language is a particularised indicator of the mestiza consciousness, because Anzaldua asserts that it is violent for Hispanics to be always interpreting or translating themselves in English, when they would rather take congratulate in speaking, and hence, legitimizing, their wide range of languages, including Chicano-Texas Spanish, Spanglish, and other forms of combined or pure Hispanic languages (9). Anzaldua is concerned that the honor has not properly accepted these languages as legitimate, with the constant use of English in laws an d social institutions. She mentions the difference of opinion between natural and unnatural geographic borders that impact Mexicans cultural development. The ocean acknowledges natural borders, while the U.S. has erected unnatural borders to keep out illegal immigrants. Unnatural borders intend to keep out the other race, which is an effort to avow policing racial relations. Furthermore, as American citizens, who are supposed to be equal with the whites, Anzaldua emphasizes the importance of not allowing the carry to dictate the Chicanas linguistic and individuality development. Somerville and Discussions of Sexuality and Race Siobhan B. Somerville examines sexual activity and race in electric discharge of the history of sexology in the United States and the rise of eugenicist and antimiscegenation attitudes and legislation in the essay, Scientific Racism and the Invention of the tribadistic Body. As the nineteenth century ended, sexologists wanted to define and examine sexuali ty using medical discourse, instead of legalistic terms, which was the practice during that time (18). Somerville emphasizes that from here, the discourse on scientific racism developed, where the homosexual body is invented based on both gender and racial lines. These studies, for instance, highlighted the biological, sexual differences between white and black women, where the latter were separated from the precedent through their remarkable development of the labia minora (26). This emphasis demonstrated how racial differences lead to peculiar sexual boundaries and that this crotchet also affected attitudes toward the colored races (Somerville 26). During this time, eugenicist and antimiscegenation attitudes also abounded. Eugenics lamented about the rise of mixed races (i.e. mulattos) and immigration, because it diluted the white stock. Eugenics promoted selective reproduction (30) to purify the white race once more. Anti-miscegenation laws were then enforced levels of racial s egregation at marriage and intimate relationship levels. Plessy v. Fergusson, for instance, is based on racial discrimination that focuses on sexuality, because it imposes racial innocence through physical segregation of the races (Somerville 37). Hence, it can be seen that the state used the law to impose racial discrimination based on primitive assumptions about races impact on sexuality and human behavior. Alexander Heteropatriarchy, Heteronormativity,

Report on the Film “Black Cat, White Cat” by Emir Custurica Essay Example for Free

Report on the Film Black guy, White Cat by emir Custurica Essayhave chosen to tick and report on the film Black Cat, White Cat by Emir Custurica for several reasons. Firstly, Custurica is a globally famous filmmaker, known in the US for his genus Arizona Dream. Secondly, Custurica does pay much attention to matters of culture in his films, so his works are in truth informative. Thirdly the characters of Black Cat, White Cat belong to different peoples and cultures, including Serbians, Gypsies and Bulgarians. So the film tells enough close ethnical and cross-cultural communications. Produced in 1998, the film is a kind of romantic comedy telling a story of several young people in search of their love in the world of gangsters and smugglers. mavin of those smugglers named Matko Destanov owes capital to a gangster named Dadan. Dadan is eager to find a husband for Afrodita his midget sister and he proposes to settle the debt by marriage of Matkos son Zare with his sister. Howe ver, Zare is in love with anformer(a) girl named Ida, and Afrodita dreams o another man. After numerous funny and dangerous adventures all of the young people find their happiness, and Dadan finds himself in manure both in metaphorical and ordinary sense.The film is very ironic and easy to watch as a family comedy. As I have already noticed, the film tells much about cultural communications. Firstly these are family and friendship. The characters seem to be very family-oriented and beautiful friendship is one of the core motifs of the story. new-fashioned people dream of a family and stable relationships, older people desire to make their children happy as Zares grandfather and even such a savage man as Dadan wishes to do the ordain of his parents even though through violence. Personal relations are basic forces driving the characters in life, transmission line and even crime.They rely upon help of their pals and relatives in virtually every action they take, thusly playing a tri cky party game each for own purposes but considering the will of the others. This can be illustrated by relations of Zare with his grandfather. Zare loves his grandfather and helps him to escape from hospital to return to his bacchanalian lifestyle, and the thankful grandfather gives all his money to Zare. Such approach to personal relations is full of traditionalism and is pretty different from the present authority in this country.Another cultural aspect, which might seem rather evil in this country is stance of characters towards law. Throughout the film it may seem that there is no law and legal formalities at all. Customers are easily bribed, medical personnel is unable to control the patients, gangsters behave as actual rulers and an decreed solemnizing a marriages passively does everything what he is ordered to do, even knowing that marriage between Zare and Afrodita is forcible. However, the characters actually do not feel any discomfort from absence of formalities.Law i s replaced by aforementioned personal relations, and perhaps they would feel unhappy from presence of legal obligations rather from absence of such obligations. There are umpteen interesting minor cultural details in the film such as marriage customs, costumes, spoken communication features and other which, being combined together, create a fascinating impression of involvement in other culture. Films like Black Cat, White Cat cause spectators to become interested in strange lifestyles and habits forming an paper of global cultural diversity.

Rango Essay Example for Free

Rango auditionIts non always easy to subsume the story of a talking lizard to the chronicle of the world. Or at least, thats they want the watchers to think. The truth is that at that place are many different themes that liaison into the worlds past. Rango (the talking lizard) can represent some of the worlds nearly powerful leaders the city manager, who is a talking turtle, corresponds to the corrupted government of countries. In a way, many of the themes in this exposure relate to one another. Human identity, religion, government, hero worship, and forgiving line upation, is only the beginning of what this film uncovers about the world, and the piece species itself.The biggest and most occurring questions asked in Rango are the ones that follow who am I, or who are you? Throughout the whole movie, Rango attempt to figure out who he is. The movie opens up with Rango acting out a scene, but therefore stops and realizes that his play is missing something his charac ter needinesss to be to a greater extent than defined and is in need of conflict. After falling off the car, and having his home shattered, he finds conflict, but still has no clue of who he really is. Talking to the armadillo, he comes across the fact that because no one knows him, he can be anyone he wants to be.In the duration of the movie, Rango evaluates who he is, and who he can be. In this way, I can relate Rango to Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, the famous philosopher. One main point of Nietzsches writings was the will to power. Originally Schopenhauers created the intellect of utilitarianism, which is the notion of an aimless will, claiming that many forgivings main motivation is simply to be happy. Nietzsche spurned that idea when he stated that happiness is not the main goal, but a result of successfully fulfilling ones main goals, and overcoming challenging obstacles-in the long term, fulfillment of the will.Rangos character is too barren and undeveloped in the begin ning, when he gets to the town of Dirt and creates this strong, law abiding, Sheriff persona, he comes to believe that this is who he in truth is. When Rattlesnake Jake, proves that Rango is a liar and forces Rango to leave town, the armadillo and him have another encounter. In that encounter, the armadillo points out that it is the deeds that amaze the man. After hearing this, Rango returns to Dirt, fully aware of whom he is. Another way humans define themselves, is through with(predicate) religion.Though religion is a touchy subject for some people, it is expressed and shown numerous times throughout the movie. The first time Rango meets Roadkill (the armadillo), is when Rango must help the armadillo up because he got smashed by a car. When Rango, questions the grounds for Roadkills suicide mission, the old armadillo answers that it is because the Spirit of the West is waiting for him on the other side. That is not the death time the Spirit of the West is mentioned. The acting deity is referred to at the ritual for peeing that happens every Wednesday and noon. adjust before, completing the ritual, the villagers send a request to the Spirit of the West, ending in amen. The villagers of Dirt go into a sort of trance, when they hear that 12 Oclock bell chime. Each resident grabs a store and gets in the line. Once they reach the end of their ritual, they are all standing in front of a water spigot, praying for water to once again overwhelm the town. After saying a short prayer to the Spirit of the West, the mayor holds up the valve handle, in the shape of a cross inside a circle.The mayor holds up the handle, much like a priest would hold up the consecrated host, signaling the ritualistic and religious behavior of old and current civilization. The mayor plays a very important role in the film as well as the analogy. The mayor represents the corrupt government leaders of the world. In the film, the water of Dirt basically runs out. The people are barely s craping by without water, and desperately need their occupation to be fixed. They mayor was there, in the town of Dirt, long before it became a barren wasteland, so he knows how much a true city can thrive.The once great leader became corrupted by the notion of power and influence he had over the towns people by controlling what they needed the most water. The mayor wanted to have everything under his control, every piece of land, every piece of business and so on. The town, was one day thriving, living the great American life, and then the next, businesses were shutting down, land was drying up, and the drought was more serious than ever. man the mayor and his comrades laughed about getting all the water to themselves, the villagers lived in hardship.That situation reminds me of Jean-Claude Duvalier, prexy of Hati from 1971-86. Jean-Claude resumed the position of president after his predecessor and father, passed. The United States put a lot of pressure on Jean-Claude to restore the great land of Hati, from the dictatorial regime of his father. In the beginning, he was successful. He introduced reforms, replaced cabinet members, and released governmental prisoners. Though all was not as it seemed, and his reign did not differ much from his fathers.While his people were living in poverty, he continued to live a luxurious lifestyle with his wife. In fact, his wedding along cost $3 million US dollars. Many people wondered for ages, how all this was possible, and eventually, the truth came out. As it turns out, Jean-Claude had been in several drug trades as well as selling body part of dead Haitians. After his dark secrets were revealed, he fled to France, and for the next two decades, served a self-imposed exile. This year, on the sixteenth of January, he was spotted in Hati.The following day, he was arrested for the possible charges of embezzlement, and corruption. Currently, Duvalier is expected to be held in struggle before a judge in Port-au-Prince. Yet , the situation makes you think, that in the same way the townspeople looked to the mayor for guidance and resurrection, the Haitian inhabitants, looked to Duvalier for savior from the awful dictatorship before him. What the mayor and Duvalier both have in common, is the aspect of the hero, saving the land. The biggest thing I found Rango to have in common with the world is human adaptation.It was obvious in the beginning of the film, that Rango did not belong in Dirt. After figuring that out for himself, he took on the task of adapting to his surroundings. He studied the ways they walked, talked, and held themselves in their everyday life. The villagers very bluntly showed that they did not take well to strangers, and are against the idea of anyone being different. The residents showed that it is easier to survive, if you do not stand out. Rango derived from the towns behavior that, he would be much more likely to survive, if he behaved like one of them.Our human ancestors ran into many of the same problems Rango did. They had to adapt to their environment, in order to survive. Rango had nothing when he began his journey, as did our ancestors. With nothing more than rock tools (spears, knives, etc. ) they trekked out of Africa and towards the middle east and then westward. Our beginning ancestors not only had to adapt to their environment, but they had to shift their eating habits, to whatever was available to them. Similar to the way the people of Dirt drank cactus succus because of the lack of water availability.There are no limitations when it comes to relating history to the things we see around us. After all, without history, there would not be a present. The film Rango takes themes you see in everyday world history and places them into price and situations that any age group may understand. Mainly the characters in the film can represent diverse figures in real life Human identity, religion, government, hero worship, and human adaptation in the past h ave all influence how the world is now.

Scope of nursing Essay Example for Free

backcloth of nursing EssayExpanding o r E panding your Scope of N rsing breast feeding serve a practical g p snuff it Leanne Boase Deborah Pedron The blue Hospital Panch health returns Craigieburn health gain Broadmeadows wellness attend to Bundoora increase rush nerve centre Scope of Nursing and p g Midwifery workout What is it? Why Wh is it so of the essence(p)? Why is every cardinal y y talking about it? Who manages it? Who is responsible? The Northern Hospital Panch wellness answer Craigieburn health process Broadmeadows health Service Bundoora widen safeguard Centre Aims of this Presentation 1. To define what Scope of invest means forNurses and Midwives Midwives. 2. To present different concepts round Scope of p p p serve 3. T 3 To report on findings of a small survey of t fi di f ll f nurses and Scope of Practice 4. To discuss expanding Scope of Practice and provide a framework 5. To relate these concepts to echt life nursing roles. o es. The North ern Hospital Panch health Service Craigieburn health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora encompassing C be Centre According to our nurses, Scope Of Practice P ti (SOP) is i SO SOP is Guidelines G and fabrics we need to abide and work within SOP relates to what I am allowed andnot allowed to do within my profession SOP relates to codes of conduct, ethics and professional conduct SOP relates to what a nurse fanny do within their skill base Area of tasks, procedures and actions a nurse can legally and safely undertake according to their training and teaching method The scope of which p my role as a RN, specialist or credentialed DNE can work within Maintaining knowledge base and competency d one and only(a) constant learning and professional development The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Something which I am taught, qualified, taught qualified or adapted to do Craigieburn Health ServiceBroadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended do by Centre What is Scope of Practice? p That which Nurses and the range of roles, functions, functions responsibilities activities, which a registered nurse or a registered midwife is educated, competent, and has the authority to perform perform. (An Bord Altranais p1) Midwives are educated, competent and authorised to perform. (QNC p3) Scope of p p consecrate is not defined in many places. We should define nursing invest and outline principles to assist with the expansion of ones scope p p of set And/ Or Require the health professional to give away tieed activities. ( (DEST) ) The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service What health care workers actually do in the course of their employment which encompasses the full range of nursing activities. An somebodys scope refers to the activities which that nurse is educated and authorised to perform. (NSWNA p1) A professions scope of practice is the full spectrum of roles, functions, responsibilities, activities and decision-making capacity which i di id l w ithin th profession are it hi h individuals ithi the f i educated, competent and authorised to perform.The scope of practice of an individual nurse or midwife may be more than specifically defined than the scope of practice of their profession. ti f th i f i (ANMC 2007 p223) Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended tuition Centre What is Scope of Practice? p Our definition Full range of activities that we (nurses and midwives) form been educated, deemed competent, and are authorised to do. It is t t d th i d t d i not just a list of activities and j tasks, or a role description. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health ServiceBundoora Extended Care Centre What Evidence supports your SOP? From our nurses Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Number of hours per week working Certificates registration Certificates, reprimand Document everything y g From the literature Maintaining record s of Reviewing journal articles In service education In-service Conferences Informal or formal discussions Accredited educational programs The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Who determines Scope Of Practice?p Is it the clinician the employer, the profession, the clinician, employer profession client, the registering body, the area of practice or specialty, the legislation, codes of conduct IT IS ALL OF THESE The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Who determines Scope Of Practice? p From the literature, there are some(prenominal) common themes The primary determinant of scope of practice for all nurses and midwives is the enhancement of outcomes d id i i th h t f t for patients, and resonateing consumer needs.Nurses and Midwives are responsible for their own decisions around scope of practice on t hat point are many factors that influence and contribute to scope of practice (Nurses mature Western Australia, Nurses Board of Victoria, Australian Nursing Federation, Ohio Nurses Board, Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council) The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Who determines Scope Of Practice? p Employers, Employers Organisations their Policies Patient Consumer Needs Outcomes O t Professional Bodies SOP Individual Scope of PracticeNurse Or Midwife You Regulatory Authorities The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service natural law Craigieburn Health Service Professional P f i l Scope of Practice Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Why do we need to expand SOP? Nursing d Mid if N i and Midwifery experience and knowledge are i dk l d invaluable resources. It is natural for a Nurse or Midwife to evolve from being a novice, to an expert, and even further towards expan ding their scope of p p g p practice, as they y continually learn and adapt to the needs of their clients Again, i A i primarily, expanding scope of practice must il dif ti t be driven by the need to provide improved outcomes and extend to the needs of consumers. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Why do we need to expand SOP? The Health Care ornament is changing y Think about the shift to community based and outpatient care, higher acuity patients, proficient advances, etc. advances etc The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Why do we need to expand SOP? Nursing and Midwifery evolves along with thei d id if l l ih h health care sector. Nurses and Midwives are Participating more and more in evaluation, g patient care assessment and decision making in p Professional educated, competent, authorised a nd registered Participating in the growth and evolution th d l ti of health care The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p How our nurses and midwives have d id i h maintained/expanded theirs Conferences/workshops/courses Self-directed learning i. e.research on-line, journal g ,j interpretation In-service education How they plan to expand in the future As above Presenting in- run in area of expertise The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p The key concepts for Expanding Scope of Practice assemble in the literature include 1. The primary motivation of any expansion to scope of practice is to meet needs of the client or improve outcomes and access 2. The competency or task must be well defined and understood 3.Any expansion must enhance the existing aspects of professional practice 4. The expansion to scope is lawful, appropriate for the context, consistent with relevant standards, acceptable to the profession, consistent with the relevant profession organisations policies and source and planning has occurred. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p Key concepts of Expanding Scope of Practice continued 5. The registered nurse/midwife expanding their practice isalready practising at an advanced level and has the education p p , p p and competence to perform the task, and is prepared to be accountable. They have been assessed by a competent health professional. 6. Nurses and midwives are accountable for making professional 6 N d id i t bl f ki f i l judgements when an activity is beyond their capacity and to commence consultation/referral 7. Nursing and midwifery decisions are best made in a c ollaborative context, with on-going risk assessment, planning, planning evaluation and support Always discuss expanding your scope with your peers, employers, professional organisationsand your registering body. d i i b d The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Expanding Scope of Practice p g p There should be no artificial barriers to Scope Of Practice or expanding SOP such as equivocal or inconsistent insurance policy Overly specific or restrictive policy Inconsistent guidelines and frameworks eg. differences in the midst of States and regions Turf wars or uninformed attitudes The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care CentreExpanding Scope of Practice p g p When underdeveloped policy and planning for expansion consider Permissive versus restrictive approaches do you want to specifically restrict practice, o r allow expansion to proceed within the broader guidelines? Profession versus client focussed approaches it is best to be responsive to the needs of the client nurses will do what nurses needs to be done, providing he or she is competent to do it. Competency standards should recognise the characteristics of nursing as well as the broader attributes or potential and i ll h b d ib i l d evolving roles. Overarching or broad statements are more effective than detailed or overly-specific statements when defining or expanding scope of practice. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre SOP Expansion Framework Self-inquiry Define the task or activity you wish to add to your role, then ask Is it legal? No STOP No Yes STOP Am I covered by Hospital Policy? Yes Yes Am I competent? Do I have relevant knowledge and confidence? Yes Am I willing to accept . accountability? Yes PROCEED The Northern HospitalD o you need to develop policy in line with the evidence base? Will this improves outcomes for the patient/consumer and will it improve access to services? Panch Health Service No STOP No STOP Can you access relevant education, education are you willing? NO STOP Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Key Take Home Messages y g This is relevant to all nurses and midwives. Not one single factor determines Scope Of Practice. Scope o p act ce should be determine to benefit the of practice s ou d s aped be e t t e patient, and improve outcomes, as should anyexpansions to SOP. Governance of SOP is complex, but is essentially the responsibility of the nurse or midwife . Use this frame ork and information in conj nction framework conjunction with NMBA/AHPRA guidelines, relevant State or Federal Legislation, and your g , y employing organisation and its policies. The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmead ows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Questions The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre

Creation Myths Around the World Essay Example for Free

Creation Myths Around the human being EssayThere are many commonalities between earth myths from around the cosmos. Two items most creation stories have in common is that the god(s) improved the earth, and people generally pot themselves as the center of reality. human being beings tend to liken themselves to the gods they worship. The theme of God(s) improving the earth in mythology can be noted in the bible when God keeps making improvements to the earth because He saw how good they were (New, 4). The creation romance of the Aztecs is kindred in that the gods kept replacing the world because from each one worlds people had moral flaws (World, 146). In essence, the world was being bettered for the human race. This theme is also incorporated into Greek mythology. The Greek approach is that at first there was only Chaos, but gradually, things like Love and Light and Day developed, making the world a less hostile place (Hamilton 65-66). While the gods did not necessarily co ntribute to this, the principle is the same. populace imagine gods being on their side, fighting for them because gods are associated with human traits such as empathy and love.Another radical in creationism is that humans have a very human-centric perspective of the world, just as Americans tend to get wind at early civilizations from a Euro-centric perspective. One example of this is the bible. God created man in His own role, in the divine image he created him(New, 4). God creating the man in His own image shows that humans represent gods. God is viewed as human. A second specimen is not just Greek creationism, but Greek culture. Greek culture revolved around the appreciation of the basic human form, as evidenced by the Greek gods, whose human form is the very essence of their importance.The Aztec myth is similar to the biblical creation story because they believed that the man and woman were made from the blood and bones of gods, which shows that the Aztecs personified thei r gods. The theme of gods being created in the human image ties into the idea that humans view themselves as the center of reality. Yet another supporting detail is that in most creation stories, humans are divine. In the bible (New, 4-5), God lets man name the animals because he was above them and they were there to keep him company.This feeling of our race being at the center of everything we know is detonate of what makes us unique, but more importantly, what makes us human. These commonalities in creation stories that had no influence on each other tell a lot approximately humans as a whole. The grandest truth about human nature revealed by creationism is that humans think of their species as the center of their worlds. This is evident by the gods we worship, how we view other species, and how we take in our environment. Through our eyes, it seems as though everything is here for us.

Planning and Enabling Learning Essay Example for Free

Planning and Enabling erudition EssayIn this assignment I am going to explain my approach to the research I have carried out and summarise my findings. To plan and enable training, as a trainer I mustiness ensure that my training is student centred and inclusive to all. There are many theories and suggestions to consider how this should be make in an adult learning purlieu.In order to enhance my current knowledge I obstinate to use wing books, publications, journals and websites to research relevant topics. I also utilised my mentor as a sounding board for ideas and a point of discussion for areas I was unsure about. I reflected on my lively knowledge and my research for Unit One Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector. I wanted to access new models and theories and link these into the context of my own teaching practice. To do this I searched the internet for reviews of reference material for planning and enabling learning, which I so purchased. I found th at my research could be extensive. I had to remain foc utilize and choose topics to explore that I found interesting and relevant to my learning environment and style of manner of speaking.Adult learners demand to take responsibility for their own learning. If learners are active in place their own targets and understand what they need to achieve, motivation and self esteem will reassure their learning experience. sympathy methods of negotiation and inclusivity provides learners with the most appropriate experience, engages the whole group and builds a good rapport. This can be gleaned from the acknowledgment of needs as per Ecclestone (1996).I focused my research on the impact of initial assessment on the learning journey. From my experience initial assessment results are not used effectively and the process of initial assessment is usually carried out purely to comply with procedure. My experiences are confirmed by The Chief examiners Report (2003). The Adult Learning Inspecto rate found that many providers are using a masking piece test but not following this up. the results of the assessment are not being used to inform the ILP (Wilson, L, 2008, p.139).Initial assessment can have a huge impact on havey of learning and can form the learners ideas, goals and highlight areas of support guided. Scales (2008, p.178) states that initial assessment should be handled sensitively to welcome learners in rather than scare with formal testing and assessment procedures. I stand for with this, however, the nature of the assessment will depend on the level and content of the course commenced. Some programmes require a robust assessment process to set parameters and determine suitability to join the course.Wallace (2007, p.154) describes the three keystone components that come together at the beginning of a programme the teacher, the learners and the syllabus or specifications of the course. This makes complete sense. To deliver an effective programme and meet th e learning outcomes the key elements must come together and crystallise. This will then inform the delivery of the overall programme. This led me to further explore my research around inclusive learning.I chose to continue down the route of motivation and the impact this has on learners. Petty (2009, p.55) noted that Maslow showed that there is yet one way of motivating your students. And that is to ensure that your students belongingness, esteem and self-actualisation needs are nourished through the learning activities you devise. Using information from the initial assessment, such as learning needs or styles, resources need to be created and adapted to ensure learning is effective and relevant.Functional skills should be tested and fuck offed when appropriate. In my research I focused on the practicalities of embedding these skills and reports published relating to post 16 education. In the training I deliver I can embed a variety of functional skills to allow individuals to mai ntain these skills and develop them further. Wilson (2008) suggested that incorporating ICT into teaching doesnt always suit the teacher and/or learner. This can be the case with the types of sessions I deliver. Functional skills should naturally develop from a session they cant be forced into a session if they are inappropriate.Communication is the thread throughout a learning experience that encourages learning and knowledge between the trainer and the learner. It is my responsibility to recognise potential barriers and utilise strategies to overcome these. This is the route I took with my research. I came across theories such as the Communication Climate (Adler et al, 1998) and Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 1995). Again, I found a real link to negotiating with and including learners. Goleman (1995) believed that if emotions and feelings are not recognised and managed by teachers and learners, then effective learning cannot follow.My research has broadened my knowledge and un derstanding to take forward into the classroom. The brief I have provided only actually scratches the surface from the extensive reading I carried out however I will have the fortune to explore these further within this unit.

Price Elasticity to Identify a Brands Competitors Essay Example for Free

terms Elasticity to Identify a Brands Competitors EssayFirms today are in their perspective industries to maximize consumer satisfaction, add revenue, and shareholders profits. These tasks require attention to detail when price their harvest-tides. There are always competitors lurking and waiting by the wayside to gain market share and a competitive advantage.When identifying discolorations competitors, scathe walkover is a major determinant. motivation for a product or service constitutes what the companys price go away be and whether the price will be higher or lower than the competitors price. In terms of the elasticity, price increases may decrease want and price decreases may increase demand. However, according to Kotler, The introduction or lurch of any price may initiate a response (favorable or unfavorable) from customers and competitors (Kotler, P. and Keller, K., 2012)Ultimately, the concept of price elasticity can identify a brands competitors along with ma rketing research to identify consumer needs, wants, and desires, as well as current industry and competitors going- rate pricing.ReferenceKotler, P. and Keller, K. (2012). Marketing management 14E. Upper Saddle River Pearson Education, Inc.How might marketers use conjoint analysis to improve pricing strategies?When determining pricing strategies marketers must perform research that allows the consumer to voice their opinions in reference to what they need and how important the product or service is to their well-being. One method of doing so is through conjoint analysis. Kotler defines this method as a factor to ask customers to rank their preferences for alternative market offerings or concepts, then they use statistic analysis to estimate the unquestioning value placed on each attribute (Kotler, P. and Keller, K., 2012).Marketers have their work cut out for them when a firm or pricing department requests their assistance to establish a competitive advantage for their product or s ervice. In order for a firm to know and understand what value or benefits the customer expects when utilizing their products and services the use value propositions is of the essence.According to the strategy and performance coaching company Edborrows, items that firms need to compute when applying customer value propositions are as follows All Benefits Favorable Points of Differentiation resonate Focus Resonating focus highlights one or two critical differences between the firms offerings Generic regard as Propositions Operational Excellence Customer Intimacy Product/Service Innovation (Barrows, 2010)Price elasticity of demand is a way to determine marginal revenue. Optimal revenue and, more importantly, optimal profit will occur to the point when marginal revenue = marginal cost, or the price elasticity of demandThe symmetricalness of the total sales of a product secured by one particular company or brand

The Meaning of American Pie Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of Ameri net Pie examineIn the autumn of 1971 Don McLeans elegiac American Pie entered the collective consciousness, and over thirty years easyr remains one of the most discussed, dissected and debated songs that popular harmony has ever produced. A cultural termination at the peak of its popularity in 1972, it reached the top of the Billboard 100 charts in a matter of weeks, exchange more than 3 million copies. By identifying this great success it illustrates that it was no ordinary song. With its boldness, originality and it being thematically ambitious created uncertainty. Presenting the idea that we werent entirely sure what the song was around, provoking endless debates over its larger-than- intent cast of characters. But however open to interpretation the lyrics may have been, the songs emotional resonance was evident McLean was cl earliest relating a defining moment in the American experiencesomething had been garbled. Opening with the death of singe r pal Holly and ending near the tragic concert at Altamont Motor Speedway, we are able to manikin the span of years the song is covering1959 to 1970as the 10 years weve been on our own of the three verse.It is across this decade that the American cultural landscape changed radically, locomote from the relative optimism and conformity of the 1950s and early 1960s to the rejection of these values by the various political and social movements of the mid and late 1960s. American Pie appears to account statement the course of rock n roll, it is not, as is sometimes suggested, a mere catalogue of musical events.In using the cast of rock n roll players from the 1960s and setting them against the backdrop of Buddy Hollys death, they move polarized parables for the clash of values occurring in America at this time Holly as the symbolization of the happier innocence of the fifties, the reprieve as symbolic of the sixties growing unrest and fragmentation. And as each verse sums up chr onological heads in timethe late 1950s, 1963-66, 1966-68, 1969, 1970another blow against the happier innocence of another era is registered another twenty-four hours the music dies. poetise 1 of American Pie looks back from the early seventies and introduces the catalyst for the story about to unfold. A long long time ago I can still remember how the music used to make me smile. The narrator here is nostalgic for a simpler and more optimistic variety show of musica music that can make people smile, and that could help them forget their troublesand a music that very much represents the happier optimism of the 1950s in America. But February made me shiver, he also identifies Buddy Holly by the month in which he dies. Hollys passing had a profound effect on him, which is displayed end-to-end the song. The day the music died this reflects and supports the idea that the day the music died becomes the day the innocence and optimism within America died The let out is the primary key i n understanding American Pie as the theme of Americas helpless innocence is clearly stated. So bye bye Miss American pie Miss American Pie* is as American as apple pie, so the saying goes she could also be a synthesis of this symbol and the beauty queen Miss America. Either way, her name evokes a simpler time in American life when these pics held more meaning.She is the America of a passing era, and he is bidding her farewell. Drove my Chevy to the levee alludes to a admit along a levee mentioned in a series of popular 1950s Chevrolet television commercials sung by Dinah Shore and which serves as a signpost to that erajust as the Chevrolet itself is a familiar icon of 1950s America. Also, given that a drive to a levee carries the suggestion of romance in a car, we can almost see him on a date here. But the date is over, the levee is drysomeone he once loved has betrayed him something that once gave him sustenance has evaporated. Thisll be the day that I die is a repeat of the li ne cause thatll be the day when I die from the chorus of Hollys hit thatll be the day.This signifies McLeans way of both mourning the death of that music and way of life, and pointing to Holly as his symbol of it. Verse 2 erupts with the idea that the narrator reaches little further back in time to the days of his youth, the late 1950sa time of sock hops, pickup trucks and pink carnationsas he courts a woman who ultimately spurns him. This is a fickle lady here, and the narrator questions her loyalties. And can you teach me how to dance real relax? This is a romantic dance. He is courting her. The slow dance itself is yet another reference to the fifties and the kind of dancing that went out of fashion in the following decade it also alludes to the slower tempo of life in America at this time. This verse helps us to further identity Miss American Pie, whose brief introduction in the chorus needed this additional exposition and which, along with verse 1 and the chorus, also serve s to establish the 1950s as the reference point for the rest of the song.In so doing, McLean characterizes the period primarily through its musical symbol (Holly), using him and the music (those rhythm and blues) as a metaphor for the innocence of the times, and a sacred thing. The day the music died straightway takes on the significance of a lost faith in the values of a passing era and the sorrow the narrator feels at their passing blow number two. Having personified America as a woman, Bye bye Miss American Pie now more clearly becomes a farewell to the America he once knew.

Why Should You Work Hard Essay Example for Free

Why Should You Work Hard EssayHave you ever been jealous of someone who is to a greater extent successful than you? Have you ever think about why could this happen? It is common that employees complain about their put to work situation, their picky boss, and their outstanding colleagues. In e very(prenominal) area, on that point are several outstanding geniuses. They tarry there, and it seems like they can never be surpassed. They are like myths. Have you ever considered why there has always been someone who seems like relax hardly better than you and stands there forever. However, grumble does non help. working(a) harder than expectation is undeniable for winning respect from some others, making individuals valuable, and making an effort to build a stronger country. Losers never know the difference between them and individuals who are successful. M all of these persons hold the opinion that it is unnecessary to work very hard because when lucky arrives, they will succes s. Some of them support purchasing for lottery, and they pee-pee the mentality of not doing anything but becoming millionaires (Brhel, n. d). However, do they really happy?Landau (2011), a journalist of CNN, said that the lucky do render happier after they winning a numerous prize, but level off soon. Others think that they born with unlucky. unity of my classmates complained about the condition of him a week ago. He said that quizzes were too much, he did not work a good foundation of English, and other students were so smart. However, he ignores the point that he does not ease up enough attention in class, and it reflected on that he asks me about the assignments after class everyday. Obviously, he did not focus on what instructor said.This attitude cogency cause failure in his study, even might bring negative influence to his career. Some of citizens criticize a number of celebrities who born with honor intensely. Anyone who comes from a famous family or a famous person get s a head start without making any effort. For instance, the children who were adopted by the movie star Angelina Jolie receive more attention from the public than normal citizens do. later on on we may learn there is nothing unusual about the children, but they are watched from the constitutional world because of their connections. That is true, and this situation can never be ignored.However, the majority are still ordinary citizens who have to work hard. Thus, one who holds those inappropriate ideas should be denied. Some might suggest that we are required to work hard as a result, we can be successful employees in different areas in the future. That is true, it is necessary that we work hard and obtain a good payment. However, it is not sufficient and work hard. If you just work hard, you might meet the requirement of teachers or bosses and your classmates or your colleagues might admire you because you are a good person, but you are still for from successful.The reason is tha t you are in a limited surroundings where your colleagues are so normal. If you only compare with them, the result will be good, which you meet the requirements and surpass other colleagues. However, no one is going to remember you in the history because you did not bring any falsify for this company, and you did not do several contributions to this company. At last, you are same as everyone other ordinary employees, or you are one of them. Thus, one who wants to become an outstanding person might want work harder to skirmish for a better reputation.Therefore, you might think about what to motivate you to become a successful person. It is so significant to win others respect in ones life. One cannot give way without esteem. Further more, work harder is necessary for you to promote yourself. By work harder, you can dig your potential giving and improve your ability of working and dealing with problems. By working hard, you can make contribution to the country. In Obamas impressi ve speech, he mentioned that many devices and inventories are created and a great number of literature masterpieces were create verbally in the past.What can we do to devote to the country? That is, work harder than others, make a high goal, and defecate it. In conclusion, I would like to suggest that everyone not easily to satisfy with the situation, instead, work harder to meet your goal in your mind and gain respect from others and make an effort for the development of the country. Complaining, being arrogant, being short are enemies of becoming an outstanding person. Working hard might seems like hard to achieve, but if you keep pushing yourself, miracle might arrive.

A Strategic Analysis of Apple Essay Example for Free

A Strategic Analysis of orchard apple tree Essayorchard apple tree Inc. is an American assd transnational corporation. It foc practises on objecting, selling and producing consumer electronics, softw be and personal computers. Its main ingathering lines argon the iMac, iPh unity, iPad and the iPod. Founded in 1976 by Steve courses, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Since beca affair apple Inc. has been one of the most innovative and competitive organisations in the technology sedulousness. in that location consider been remarkable ups and d haves in the history of apple. Throughout this, it kept its legacy of introducing spick-and-span technology to the foodstuff. It is believed that over a degree Celsius countries recitation apples intersections. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) ranks the community as the most innovative c onlyer-out for the last 8 forms running. It is authorized for an organisation like orchard apple tree to remain competitive in the industry f or its survival. apple has been working extensively to introduce sore products and ideas since its inception.orchard apple tree has transformed its business department over the last decade. This began with the launch of the iPod in 2001, increasing favourableness and creating outgrowth. orchard apple tree further enhanced their profitability by expanding the op seasonting segment, launching the iTunes store, and more than late finished the acquisition of Beats. NPD Group (2012) ar meander 63% of digital downloads run though orchard apple tree.The major turn some occurred in 2007 when the company launched an Internet enab direct smartphone (The iPhone). This started the gold era ofprofitability and technological elaborateness for orchard apple tree. orchard apple tree has penetrated most of the bettered countries, and even reached saturation aspire in Europe with its high end products including iPhone and iPad. It is yet to make a home runificant mates in the develo ping countries including chinaware and India, which has around 36.8% of the worlds population. The research starchy IDC (2013), imbed apples market portion out for androids in china was only around 7%, below Samsung and Levono Group.1.2 Research AimsAlfred Chandler (1962) defined dodging as The determination of the basic long-term goals of an put inprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals. In invest to learn the firms strategic horizon we impart further this research into three sections. The origin, calculateing at the furbish up of the purlieual factors. This forget be done using a PESTEL analysis, as sanitary porters beers Five Forces model. secondly we will consider the strategic capability of apple by using a debone analysis. eventually analysing orchard apple trees innovation and internationalisation dodging in more detail. Concluding by offer recommendations for Apple and its co mpetitors.2. Environment Analysis2.1 PESTEL AnalysisIt is important for every organisation to identify the impact of environmental analysis on its business operations. Apple is currently operating in more than 100 countries, nitty-gritty external factors consent a significant impact upon the company. Identification and constant monitoring of these factors is important to miniskirtmise the effect they sire on Apple.2.2 PoliticalApple Inc. Form 10-K (2013) stated that roughly 63% of the Apples receipts comes from countries otherwise than America. Thus the politicalenvironment of various countries will significantly impact the revenue of Apple. The current political unrest in Crimea and the annexation to Russia from Ukraine could affect Apples gross revenue, callable to USA and Russian relations. In 2013 Apple sold approximately 1.6 million iPhones in Russia making it an important market for Apple. It is important for Apple to continuously monitor this situation in respect to their sales in Russia.China is presently the worlds largest market for smart phones with 26.5% of all smart phone shipments, Forbes (2012). As shown below.For Apple to enter the Chinese market, a joint venture moldiness be set up with a Chinese partner. This take to Apple joining with China nomadic. Apples market sh ar has grown by 1% in the last quarter of 2014. This has led to Apple now world the 5th largest vendor of androids in China.2.3 EconomicThe analysis of the global economy is of vital importance. During a period of recession much(prenominal) as the one just seen, disposable income falls, and unemployment rises. Apples product could be seen to be a luxury product, where quantity sold declines as income falls. This may lead to a fall in sales for Apple. However, during the recent recession Apples sales addd. Asymco (2011)Report belowThe graph shows how Apple retained continual growth in revenue over the 09 period and onwards. Although its product may be seen as l uxury, Apple managed to differentiate its product from competitors, and so growd an intensify magnitude exact. Additionally, with a depreciation of the dollar, the purchasing advocate of comparison in foreign countries improves, and so Apples products become relatively cheaper. This led to an increase in international sales.2.4 Socio- Cultural FactorsThe social life of an individual has significantly changed over the pastdecade out-of-pocket to the revolution brought by a rapid expansion of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. These social media nedeucerks have their own applications on iPhone. This gives users both business and consumers, a good medium to communicate with friends, family and business contacts. Apple has shaped modern culture by doing such, and this has increased demand for its product. Furthermore, Apple has entered the media market by the mercantile linking of consumer products, with the iPod and through the launch of iTunes. This made a significant impact on 12 to 35 course olds using such products to enhance their social lives. 63% of digital downloads occur through iTunes, which gives Apple a dominant position in this market. By staying up to date with the changes Apple can increase its demand for both product.2.5 TechnologicalTechnological factors are instrumental to the triumph of Apple. As one of the leading innovators in a technological industry, Apple must stay at the forefront of red-hot developments. Steve Jobs was well awake(predicate) of this Innovation distinguishes betwixt a leader and a hold faster, (The innovation secrets of Steve Jobs, 2001.) This led to Apples depression steps, transitioning from a computer manufacturer to a leading technology company. This occurred through the iPod and more recently the iPhone and iPad. there was an awareness to develop un utilise products as well as operating transcriptions, which made the total range of compatible products attractive to consumers.KPMG s Technology Innovation bailiwick (2013) found that the US is most probable to find a disruptive uncovering in technological advancements, contrary to beliefs a few twelvemonths ago.However, China is close behind, with 24% of the votes believing China will see the succeeding(a) disruptive breakthrough in innovation. Either way, Apple must be very aware of what competitors are producing. If they do non utilise advancements in production or ICT revolutions they will be left behind.2.6 EnvironmentalThere is now a greater awareness on a global scale to reduce emissions and become more environmentally friendly. Laws and regulations in United States have changed and this has made manufacturers responsible for recycling their waste. For this purpose Apple has launch domestic recycling facilities which will befriend the society to recycle its waste in United States and to follow the rules and regulations. Apple has communicated its volitionness to adopt a green production process i n order to protect the environment. This may enhance its credibility in the local and international markets. Apple Website (2014) We remove to leave the world punter than we found it. We aim to create non just the best products in the world, tho the best products for the world. clearly Apple are making conscious steps to lead the way in decorous a green company, and to mold with the changing views of the population.2.7 LegalApple operates in more than 100 countries and the legal environment faced by the technology giant is of utmost importance. Apple has filed various lawsuits in court for violations of intellect property rights (IPR) . Protection of IPR and patents will significantly impact revenue and future profitability. One of the most noted cases is where Apple won a $1.05 one thousand million lawsuit against Samsung, showing the importance of the Legal system in the US. Furthermore, Apple is subject to international laws, policies and procedures. To compete in the Ch inese market, Apple has ventured with China Mobile. Apple must continuously work alongside laws and regulations to maintain its marques equity. Operating in such a vast human action of countries increases revenue, but leads to the arduous task of keeping up to date with all laws in all countries.3. Porters Five ForcesMichael Porter developed this Five Forces model, which is used as a tool for companies to analyse business strategies. The use of the forces can determine the intensity and the attractiveness of the industry, reflectingthe profitability of the industry.3.1 Threats of New EntrantsIf market presentation is easy, and barriers to entry low, then the competition in a market will be much greater. There are a number of factors which limit the ease of entrance. In the PC and mobile phone industry, the market has high levels of competition, and so affright of new entrants isnt high. Apple has managed to gain very high levels of check off faithfulness with its customers. Ap ple emphasise RD and product innovation, which satisfies consumer demands. Apple also benefits from economies of scale, linking its production of different goods and go together. Finally, Apple has set up manufacturing plants in China where the labour and costs of production are cheaper. These factors all create high barriers to entry for new competition. Therefore, the main threat is between existing competition developing products to match that of Apple, and not from new entrants.3.2 Threats of substitutesThe more similar a substitute is to an Apple product the less power Apple has. This reduces Apples ability to charge higher prices. In the Mobile phone, PC, and Tablet industry there is a huge variety of products available. This puts Apple under constant pressure. For example, Apples flagship device, the iPhone, has arguing from various smartphones, such as Samsungs Galaxy S4 and HTC. The major reason for Apples success is due to its superior quality of product, along with mar que recognition. This has made Apple the most valuable smartphone score (The lands some Valuable Brands Forbes. 2014). Apple must endeavor to maintain this brand loyalty to reduce the threat of substitution and charge to premium price for the products.3.3 Supplier PowerApple has a few separate suppliers for some of its components, such as Foxconn. Foxconn could use this fact to their advantage, and exhibit higherbargaining powers. Apple uses its tally Samsung to produce the chips for their iPhones. This reliance on Samsung gives them great deal of bargaining power. Supplier power is slightly minify due to the sheer size of Apples business, enabling them to force lower prices by buy in large quantities. Over the years, Apple has developed unique alliances with suppliers helping to streamline the supply chain. Alliances with unison partners and software companies such as AT T has helped to increase the revenue base of the Company, without increasing the powers of suppliers. S teve Jobs was a known to be a catch freak, and focused on bring down the bargaining power of suppliers from the use of vertical integration.3.4 Buyer PowerThe bargaining power for most Apple consumers is low. Apple fanatics are willing to pay premium prices for Apple goods. In the case of the Mac laptops, the price is almost double of that of its rivals. Consumers are willing to pay this for both the name and the superior quality of the product. The vast number of Apple consumers has minify their power to lower the price of Apple products. Apples goal should focus on reducing the consumers bargaining power. It has tried to do this by developing products specifically for consumers needs and wants, enabling them to charge a higher price. Griffin Consulting Group (2012) find that there are high switching costs for customers who want to change software or hardware which again reduces the bargaining power of customers.3.5 Rivalry between CompetitorsThe PC and Mobile industry is very c ompetitive, with a large number of similar sized firms. Rivalry in this industry is seen by aggressive pricing, rapid product innovation, intensive marketing, and after-sale services (Forbes Website, 2012). This is used to add entertain to the product. Apple tries to differentiate its product from its competition. It implements a focus system, only developing a few products and targeting them for the need of the customer.Steve Jobs was quoted express this People think focus means saying yes to the thing youve got to focus on. But thats not what it means at all. It means saying no to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully. Im actually as proud of thethings we havent done as the things I have done. Innovation is saying no to 1,000 things, (Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, 1997). For example, iPhones are targeted to consumers rather than businesses. Macintosh computers are targeted to creative professions such as designers and photographers. By doing this Apple has stayed competitive in a highly rivalrous market.4. SWOT Analysis AppleThe SWOT analysis of Apple will be used to evaluate the strategies with respect to its medium weaknesses opportunities and threats. Apple needs to further strengthen its strategies in order to attain benefits from the opportunities that exist in the environment. Below is the SWOT matrix, followed by a more precise analysis of a few key points.StrengthsCustomer obedienceLeading InnovatorStrong Financial PerformanceBrand ReputationRetail StoresStrong market TeamPatent And IPR ProtectionWeaknessesHigh PriceIncompatibility With Different Operating systemsDecreasing securities industry ShareLong Term Gross Margin DeclineOpportunitiesHigh Demand Of iPad and iPhoneiTV launch industry Processors harvesting of Phone and Tablet MarketAcquisition Of Smaller Firms.Strong Growth of Mobile advertize MarketIncreasing Demand for Cloud ServicesThreatsTechnology ChangesIncrease In Supplier PricesFoxconn Workers allowance LevelsPrice Challenge From SamsungAndroid OS growthNew Competitors.4.1 StrengthsApple has won the award for being the leading innovator in the world BCG (2013). Apples core competency has helped it to establish itself as the most innovative company in the last decade. The fact that the RD expenditure of Apple in the year 2013 was approximately $4,475 million, which is approximately 30% of its total operating expenditure. Thus it is evident that the amount of RD expenditure helps the Company to remain leading innovator in this technology industry. By being the leading innovator, Apple has naturalized a beefed-up base of loyal customers. Once Apple always Apple, is the phrase which is used by the customers of Apple and there is always strong interest and demand at new product ranges. The expansion of Apple into other product categories like iTV and other media will further increase customer loyalty. Apple expects its existing customers to use iTV, which will be mo re technologically advanced than its existing products.A strong marketing team has made Apple products famous among its customers. Last year it spent $933 million on advertising Forbes (2014.) Through the marketing of the products it is able to sell at a higher price compared to its competitors. repayable to these factors the brand reputation of Apple is immense compared to its rivals, such as Microsoft and Samsung. Forbes (2013) valued Apple at $104 billion, whereas its rivals Microsoft and Samsung had brand values of $56.7 and $29.5 billion respectively. This shows the strength of Apple with respect to brand reputation and this is helping Appleto increase its revenue and profitability over all these years.Apple controls its retail distribution by exclusive sales from its own network. Apple stores provide a higher quality customer service experience. Knowledgeable ply helps the customers, who increase the brand equity and thus increases the sales for the Company. They average App le store size has increased by 3,000 square feet to 10, 500 square-feet. The average revenue per store of this is $50.2 million, Fox demarcation (2014). These stores are one of the best when it comes to sales per square feet, and this is a great strength for Apple.Finally, Apple is currently the leading company with a market capitalisation at the end of the fourth quarter of approximately $504 billion. This is due to the strength of their financial performance over the past few years. Apples cash balance is approximately $14.25 billion and their Balance Sheet shows an asset base of $207 billion in 2013, from Ychart (2014). Apple is therefore in a strong position to respond to most competitive threats.4.2 WeaknessesOne of the major critics about Apple products is that it is much more expensive than other comparable devices in the market. Fierce competition in the consumer product market is a disadvantage for Apple, as consumers can choose similar lower priced products. As well as th is critics dislike the incompatibility with different operating systems. Products, particularly desktop and laptop computers manufactured by Apple only use its own operating system and thus the software and hardware are interdependent on each other. Critics argue consumers would rather buy products from various vendors, which is possible with Windows products. Apple computers are dependent on the growth of Apples OS, which could prove to be a disadvantage. If technological growth is limited then this will affects Apples ability to increase its market character in different industries.The market address of Apple has reducingd over the past few years due to Androids growing popularity, as it is a free operating system. It wasestimated that in 2014 the market share of Apple in smartphone industry would remain at 14.9%. Now it is expected to come down to 14.4% in the year 2018, due to growth in the sale of the Windows phone. Thus it is important for Apple to improve on its technolog ical advancement, including making more innovations with its operating system. More exclusive Apps on Apple could improve market share for Apple.Finally there has been a long-term gross margin decline for Apple. The major reason for the decrease of Apples margin is the increase in its cost of sales. In 2012 the gross margin was around 44%. This has significantly decreased in 2013 to around 38%, and thus shows that Apple needs to decrease its cost of goods in order to increase the gross profit margin in the long term.4.3 OpportunitiesIDC (2014) found that 87% of connected device sales by 2017 would be from tablets and smart phones. Apple with its own product has the capability to produce and innovate technology in this domain to increase its market share. Apple has launched iPad mini 2 and the demand has been increasing for this tablet. Samsung has launched its Flagship smartphone S5 during 2014, and hence people are eagerly waiting for the new coevals of the iPhone 6. This will co nsiderably help it to further increase its market share and revenue over the next year.One of Apples opportunities is to increase its diversity of products through acquisitions. In the last 18 months totally Apple has acquired over 24 companies Tech Crunch (2014). Most recently acquiring Beats for $3.2 billion from Dr. Dre. There are a lot of new firms in the technology market, which are developing new products and features, which Apple can acquire. Due to the fact that these are patented features, Apple can get them through external acquisitions. Apples ability to purchase or negotiate will help to run its long-term growth.A future revenue stream, which Apple has tried to utilise, is the increasingdemand for drove services. IDC (2014) predicted that IT cloud services will reach $46.4 billion in 103, expected to increase to over $107 billion by 2017. This equate to a compound annual growth rate of 23.5%, fives times that of the industry. The Cloud based services offer huge potent ial revenue stream for Apple.Finally, Apples iTV product is a major innovation, to its product range and will support the Apple TV, which will help its penetration into the TV market. Furthermore, this will also transform the portfolio of the Company and will further increase revenue and profitability along with the brand equity in the technology industry.4.4 ThreatsApple manufactures its products with the help of Foxconn. The wage level of Foxconn workers has tripled in recent years. This has led to rising costs for Apple. Further still, Samsung has asked Apple to pay more of its processing chips in its iPhones. The reliance on these suppliers has meant a rising cost level for Apple. Apple needs to identify more suppliers of processing chips, which should help it to decrease the overall costs. This in turn will improve their profitability and reliance on other companies.The technology sector is experiencing rapid technological changes. This puts Apple under severe pressure to laun ch new products and features with new devices. Inability to do such will lead to failure. Apple over the years has introduced new products and services, which is helping it to stay ahead of its competitors. Soon it will face fiercer competition and innovation is key for survival.Apple is facing a threat from the Androids rapid OS growth. The free operating system for smartphones Android is the most widely used operating system. Approximately 80% of the smartphones shipped in 2013 were based on Android. Therefore it is important for Apple to further increase the innovations by introducing new features in their operating system. This will help to maintain or grow their market share in years to come.5. Apples StrategiesWhen considering the strategies that Apple had adopted it is important to consider how these strategies arose and the direction in which it moved the company. This is key in ascertain how the company can now move forward and pursue new goals.Apple was found to be the le ader in innovation for the last eight years running by Boston Consulting Group. When considering how Apple has become the company it is today, it is vital to talk about the innovation strategy that Steve Jobs implemented, and now more recently how, Tim Cook is moving the company forward. In this section we will also look at the use of a diversification strategy, which was implemented at the same time. The last strategy covered is an internationalisation strategy adopted by Apple.5.1 Innovation StrategyFreeman and Soete (1997) defined innovation as the The first technical application or production of a new process or product. It involves the conversion of a new knowledge into a product or services and then the implementation of this. It can take two different forms technology push, or market pull. The former is created by new knowledge and understanding from technologists or scientists. The latter is caused by the pull of consumers in the market, leading to innovation.Before Steve J obs turned Apple around earth-closet Scully decided that cost leadership strategy was vital. He did believe in a differentiation strategy as well, however he failed at differentiating Apples products from the leading rivals. This led to Steve Jobs taking control of the company and redefining the direction of Apple. He believed that innovation was the key to success. The industry was driven by low prices and expanding capabilities, so Jobs decided to innovate and at the same time differentiate Apples product from the market. In 2001 this with achieved with the revolutionary new product of the iPod. This allowed music to be stored on asmall device prop thousands of songs. From here, iTunes was developed. Compatibility between this and other software allowed the iTunes store to become highly profitable.With Apple growing rapidly, Steve Jobs continued with this productive strategy. The advertising campaign think different developed in 1997 has been at the core of Apples strategy. By being highly innovative, he achieved extremely differentiated products and ideas from their rivals. The iPhone was just this, and by being the first smartphone it has left competing androids in its wake. From one innovation to another, Jobs set up the App store allowing applications to be downloaded to a phone. This immensely increased the range of activities that this smart phone could do. More recently with an economic downturn the need for a cheaper Mac like product was developed, which could target consumers in a slightly lower price range. This led to the creation of the iPad. This was an example of consumer pull innovation Apple has used.Finally, the iCloud which is a highly innovative product, allows customers to sync all Apple products using a network called the Cloud. This has been crucial in reducing the ability of consumers to switch between products, giving Apple the power to charge premium prices. This is an example of technology push innovation, an area Apple has speci alised in. Most companies adapt to external environment and change strategies accordingly. Apple changed and drove these external factors. instruction on innovation and by creating fashionable designs, Jobs changed socio-cultural factors, instead of adapting to them. The iPhone, iPad and iPod created a change in the culture, and the design of these was appealing, as well as technologically advanced. This has been a key factor in Apples Success.5.2 internationalisation StrategyRui et Al (2008) defined internationalisation strategy as The process by which a firm sells its good and services outside of its domestic market. They do this by both technology and managerial capabilities. Apples products are used in over a hundred countries. It is clear that Apple hasused an internationalisation strategy to its advantage by dramatically increasing its consumer market. In fact 63% of Apples revenue comes from outside of America. The product iPhone in Europe has almost reached saturation poin t. Apples internationalisation strategy is a Global one which standardises its products. The only modification is the power source.Apples engineering design and manufacturing is now controlled by one source, which is where it differentiates from its competing computer manufacturers. Apples engineering and design developers come up with ideas for products in the US, but then two large IT solution brans, Foxconn and Invetec manufacture this product. Manufacturing occurs in China and this is due to lower toiling costs. The use of this internationalisation strategy has been influential in driving costs down and so better profits.More recently Apple has targeted the Chinese market with the spark of the iPhone 5C. Apple has been working to extend its market share in the Chinese telecom industry, which is the worlds biggest telecom market with a subscription base of more than 1.01 billion in the mobile phone industry. This shows the potential significance of the Chinese telecom industry. A large market share of this industry would mean a significant increase in its profitability for Apple. Apple started to concentrate in the Chinese smartphone market in the last few years and have seen significant increase in its revenue from this market. According to the Annual Report of Apple for the year 2013, the revenue from the Chinese market has increased from 7% of its total revenue in 2011 to around 15% of Apples total revenue in 2013. This shows how significant an increase from the Chinese economy could be for Apples future.In accordance with the needs of the Chinese consumers, Apple identified innovation was needed to develop a new product for this market, and so launched the iPhone 5C. Apple also succeeded to negotiate a partnership with China Mobile, which is the number one operator in the Chinese telecom market with over 760 million subscribers. This has tending(p) a huge advantage to Apple, as now it will be working with China Mobile to increase its market share and eventually increase the profitability of the Company. Apple has established strategic alliances with a lot of mobile operators around the world, butthis is one of its best deals due to the sheer size of China Mobile.6. Conclusion6.1 RecommendationThe ability of Apple to stay innovative and to keep its brandy loyalty is key to maintaining its position in the market. Many of Apples own products are substitutes for older products such as the iPod. Other smartphone competition such as Samsung and HTC are growing rapidly and rivalry is increasing in the market. The ability of competitors to catch up, and potentially develop products more advanced than that of Apple is a real concern.There have been fears that Apple is becoming less innovative. Forbes (2014) ranked Apple as the 79th most innovative company, and argues that their methodology for calculation was more detailed than that of BCG. Competing companies should look to exploit this weakness. Samsung and HTC should look at investin g heavily in RD in order to release more and more sophisticated products. This would undermine Apple and its core strategy, allowing for huge potential revenues to be gained. To do this Apples competitors would need to advertise heavily in order to reduce brand loyalty to Apple. For this reason, Apple should continue to invest heavily in their marketing team.Apple have tried to diversify their product line, but at the same time have created products which are profitable in their own right, such as iCloud and iTunes. At the same time it has created its own ecosystem where their products interlink between each other. The use of this reduces the consumers ability to substitute. Apple should focus on maintaining and developing this route. The use of the iTV is a positive sign of Cook identifying this opportunity.The recent acquisition of Beats for an approximated $3.2 billion, Guardian (2014), may be an indication of a change or expansion of Apples strategy byTim Cook. Apart from the he adphone product, the expansion in the media market compliments the iTunes library of videos and music. This creates an ongoing revenue stream for apple, and opportunity to expand its growing sector of loyal Apple customers.Finally, one main concern for Apple is sourcing of its components. With the increasing wages of Foxconn employees Apple should look to increases its suppliers. Or, Tim Cook should follow Steve Jobs view on this, and look at continuing the vertical integration to parry reliance on others, and so reduce supplier bargaining power.6.2 ConcludeSince 2001 and the launch of the iPod, Apple has had an era of unbelievable growth and profitability becoming the most valuable brand in the world. Clearly without Steve Jobs and Tim Cook forging a clear and strong strategic platform this profitability would not have been sustained. The internationalisation strategy has been a huge success with levels of revenue from outside the US in the billions. 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